The treatment of parasitic diseases is an urgent problem for the population of countries with hot and humid climates. According to the World Health Organization, 25% of the world's population is prone to helminth infections. The parasites are able to exist for a long time (for several years) in the body of the host, without leaving their presence and gradually destroying the organs from the inside. Most helminths are accompanied by allergic reactions and suppression of the immune system, which leads to serious illness and even death.
What are worms?
Worms - the general name for parasitic worms, which are owned by a person or an animal. There are currently more than 250 species of helminths on the planet (about 90 of them live in the CIS). In length, worms in the human body can reach several meters, but most are 20-40 cm in size. Worms can live in almost all organs of the human body, feed on the internal pores of the host, weaken it and leadin the development of diseases.
The peculiarity of helminths is that their full life cycle can not take place in the host's body - conditions that are not specific to the human body are necessary for the eggs to mature. The prolonged presence of worms is due to re-infection (swallowing mature eggs in the mouth and then in the stomach and intestines). After the helminth eggs enter the human body, the larvae emerge from them and begin to move inside the body. Most helminths "live" in the intestines, but some types of worms can migrate through the bloodstream to other organs (lungs, liver, heart, brain, eyes).
During the process of infection and further development in adults, worms in the human body have the following pathological effect:
- mechanical violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall.
- exposure to toxic helminth wastes.
- absorption of useful substances that are necessary for a person from the parasite.
- closure of the pores of the liver, intestinal lumen with worm bumps (it is rare with lesions of large helminths).
Helminthiasis is a group of diseases caused by helminth infestations. Children are more susceptible to such pathologies, as their immunity is not yet fully formed and, in addition, they are not able to take care of personal hygiene on their own. In addition to the child, it is possible to infect adult family members, which contributes to further spread.
For helminthiasis, the specific symptoms are not typical, as the clinical picture of worm infection is similar to signs of pathologies of the gallbladder, liver, gastrointestinal tract, therefore, laboratory tests are required to make an accurate diagnosis. In addition, asymptomatic transmission is often identified, the diagnosis of which is associated with certain difficulties.
Items
Worms, based on morphological characteristics, are divided into three major groups: round, tapeworm and flatworms. Each category is subdivided into several categories. The helminths are grouped together based on the type of worm that causes the disease. Characteristics of helminth varieties and the pathologies that cause them:
- Roundworms (nematodes) are heterosexual helminths of relatively small size (2-40 cm), they are widespread due to their ease of transmission. Infection with nematodes occurs when the eggs of the parasite enter the host's mouth through the feces of the vectors. The most common representatives of helminths are worms - they are infected in 90% of cases. Worm larvae cause enterobiasis disease, accompanied by severe exhaustion, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The second most common helminthiasis is caused by the ascaris worm and is called ascariasis - this is a pathology in which parasites infect not only the human intestine but also other organs (liver, lungs, heart). Ascariasis is able to cause internal bleeding, allergic reactions, in children - developmental delay. The so-called whipworm, despite its small size (3-5 cm), can have a toxic effect on the human body for 5 years, causing the disease headache. The effect of Trichinella worms leads to the development of trichinosis, a feature of which is the damage of muscle tissue.
- The tapeworms are the largest representatives of the helminths (10-15 meters). They are parasites of the same sex, ie they reproduce by one person. An obligatory stage in the life cycle of movies is the development of ungulates in the body. Host eggs enter the environment through the feces of host animals. In addition, contamination through contaminated meat is possible. For example, insufficient heat treatment of pork leads to infection with pork tapeworm, beef tapeworm. Echinococcosis, caused by echinococcal bands, for which a person is a mediator, is considered a serious parasitic disease. This pathology leads to the formation of cysts in the organs, which can be removed only with the help of surgery.
- Flatworms (tremors) are small (7-30 mm) and usually affect the liver and bile ducts. Tremors can lead to the development of hepatitis, gallstones. The main feature of flatworms is the presence of suckers on the surface of the body, which serve to absorb nutrients and blood. Tremor infection occurs due to the consumption of poorly cooked or cooked fish and seafood. The main representatives of tremors are the liver vesicles and schistosomes. the first causes regression, the second - schistosomiasis.
A special place among parasitic invasions is occupied by protozoan infections caused by the simplest single-celled microorganisms. These parasites reproduce by division, so their number increases rapidly. The most common type of unicellular parasite in our area is the lamblia, it exists in two forms - vegetation and cysts (spores). According to statistics, every third child suffers from jaundice, as the infection occurs when only 2-10 lamblia cysts enter the intestine.
Causes
Infection with helminthic and protozoan invasions takes place through the oral-fecal route - mature eggs or spores enter the mouth and intestines of the host from the feces of infected animals. Science knows four main ways of infection:
- Contact - occurs when a person comes in contact with an infected carrier (animals, birds, another person), leading to the development of contact helminthiasis.
- Contamination through soil and water, which contain disease-causing eggs or cysts, causes helminthiasis.
- Infection that occurs when eating raw or undercooked meat and fish leads to the development of biohelminthiasis.
- A small percentage of infections are due to insect bites.
How to cure human worms
The symptoms of lesions from different helminths are usually similar. The most striking and common signs are sudden weight loss, malaise, pale skin, itching in the anus. At the same time, some symptoms can still help in the diagnosis - for example, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system signal the presence of bovine tape in the body, allergic reactions and skin rashes - whip, etc. How to remove worms from a person, what methods and medications are available for it - these issues are addressed by an infectious disease doctor.
The determination of the correct diagnosis is based on the precise determination of the type of the pathogen helminth. This may require laboratory tests (urine, blood, stool, bile) and other diagnostic measures (ultrasound, x-ray). It is necessary to immediately begin the removal of parasites - the longer the helminths are in the body, the more difficult it is to get rid of the consequences of defeat later. The doctor prescribes treatment based on the patient's weight, sex and age, taking into account the individual characteristics and general condition of the patient.
Successful eradication of worms in humans is ensured not only by treatment with anthelmintic drugs, but also by adhering to a diet that improves health and prevents new infections. Previously, only folk methods were used to remove the parasites, but now they are used as additional measures to control helminths, as many synthetic anthelmintic drugs have appeared on the pharmaceutical market.
The modern pharmaceutical industry has about 20 drugs for the removal of worms in humans. Among them are drugs of narrow and wide range of action:
| Type of drug | Indications |
| Antifungal (aimed at removing round worms | Enterobiasis, ascariasis, triceps, trichinosis, roundworm, hookworm |
| Anti-trematode (to remove flatworms) | Schistosomiasis, fasciolosis, regression, clonorchiasis |
| Protivocestodnoy (aimed at removing the film) | Echinococcosis, bifurcation, teniasitia, bruising, bifurcation |
How to remove worms from a person
Most anthelmintic drugs are effective against adults - eggs and larvae are not significantly destructive. For this reason, doctors recommend repeating the course after 2-3 weeks to rule out re-infection. In addition, experts advise, when treating certain types of helminthiasis, to apply an enema at night or to take a laxative after taking the pills in the morning.
Among the traditional medicines, the most effective are the raw pumpkin seeds, garlic, tansy. The mechanism of action of most drugs and non-traditional drugs for the removal of worms is to stop the function of the neuromuscular system of helminths, to suppress metabolism (due to the inhibition of fumarate reductase) and to destroy the tissues of the worm shell.
During treatment, the patient may develop signs of poisoning: intestinal disorders, headache, vomiting, allergic reactions, abdominal pain. The treatment of worms in humans with antiparasitic drugs should be done only according to the instructions of the doctor and according to the instructions of the manufacturer, in order to avoid complications and side effects.
Tablets
All medicines for removing worms should be taken with meals with a glass of liquid (water, milk). Comparative features of some tablets for worms. It is forbidden to use all medicines during pregnancy and lactation:
| The active substance of the drug | Action | Indications | How to apply (for adults) | Side effects | Contraindications |
| Pirantel | Blocked nerve endings in the muscles of the worms | Enterobiasis, ascariasis, non-infestation, hookworm | Up to 75 kg - 15 ml syrup once, 75 kg and over - 20 ml | Dizziness, digestive disorders, skin rashes | Liver failure, up to 6 months |
| Carbentazim | Paralysis of the muscular system of parasites | Ascariasis, ascites, hair loss, non-degradation | It depends on the type of parasite | Nausea, weakness, allergic reactions | Sensitivity of components |
| Pyrvinia boat | Violation of the metabolism of worms | Enterobiasis | 5 mg / kg body weight once in the morning after breakfast | Headache, nausea, diarrhea, allergic reactions | Liver failure, up to 3 months |
For a successful fight against parasites, it is important to carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene, to strictly follow the course of treatment prescribed by your doctor. In addition to the use of anthelmintic drugs, care is recommended to remove toxins from the body and restore organ function, strengthen the immune system. For these purposes, popular recipes (infusions, teas), as well as industrial complexes of vitamins and minerals are widely used.
Folk remedies
The use of traditional medicine recipes is particularly effective in removing parasites. For this purpose, decoctions, tinctures, solutions for enemas from the following natural ingredients are used:
- garlic;
- Pumpkin seeds;
- Walnuts;
- onion;
- herbs: dandelion, tansy, wormwood, burdock, nettle.
- oils: hemp, cedar, flaxseed, sea buckthorn.
How to remove worms at home
Some types of helminthiasis are successfully treated at home without hospitalization, but if they become infected with large types of worms, they may need supportive treatment in a hospital setting. Removing worms at home involves both medication and the use of alternative medicine. Any money accepted only as prescribed by a doctor, self-medication is prohibited.
Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seeds are considered the most popular folk remedy for removing worms due to their negative effect on worms and the absence of side effects. The anthelmintic properties of this product are due to the presence in them of the substance cucurbitin, which is poison to most worms. Pumpkin seeds should be consumed with the peel no more than 300 g per day for an adult. Many popular recipes:
- Wash and dry the seeds, grind in a blender, add honey. It is necessary to consume the mixture on an empty stomach, after 4 hours, take a laxative.
- During the day, you should eat 100 grams of seeds (divided into 4 portions), after each intake, after an hour, drink a teaspoon of castor oil, the course is 3-4 days.
Garlic
Garlic treatments are believed to be effective against roundworms, tapeworms and certain types of tapeworms. In addition, garlic has immunostimulatory properties and does not cause serious side effects. Several recipes for garlic medicines:
- Grate 2 lemons and 10 garlic cloves in a meat grinder, stir and put in the fridge. Take the product 1 tablespoon three times a day.
- Pour 200 ml of hot water over a few chopped garlic cloves, leave overnight. Garlic water should be taken daily, 200 ml in the morning on an empty stomach for a week.
Troitsetka
This product contains powders of many plants in different combinations. These drugs not only help to fight common helminth infestations, but also help to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract:
- Mix tansy, cloves and wormwood in a ratio of 4: 2: 1. Take a mixture of 1 teaspoon a day before meals with water, on the second day eat 2 tablespoons, all the following days - 3. Its coursetreatment is 14 days.
- Mix calendula, dried calendula seeds and cumin in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. Take the mixture in a similar way.
Enemas from worms
Enemas based on substances that are poisonous to parasites have been widely used to eradicate worms. Such procedures are effective only in the case of intestinal helminthiasis. Many popular recipes:
- Add 2-3 chopped garlic cloves with a glass of milk, bring to a boil, cool. Use an enema solution within 2 weeks. Children under 3 years of age should not take garlic enema.
- Pour ½ teaspoon of baking soda with a glass of water, boil, cool. It is necessary to put an enema of soda for 30 minutes. The course of treatment is 7 days.
- 1 tablespoon chopped tansy flowers pour 500 ml hot water, boil for 15 minutes and then leave for 4 hours. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.